Did you know that iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world? Millions of people struggle with low iron or anemia often without even realising it. In today’s blog, we’ll break down what iron deficiency really means, the signs to look out for and the steps you can take to start feeling better.
What is low iron?
So, what actually is iron deficiency? Iron deficiency happens when your body doesn’t have enough iron to function as it should. Iron is a key mineral needed to make hemoglobin- the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout your body. Without enough iron, your body can’t produce healthy red blood cells, which means less oxygen reaches your muscles and organs. This can leave you feeling tired, weak, and run-down, and in more serious cases, can lead to iron-deficiency anemia.
Beyond oxygen transport, iron also plays a role in energy production, brain function, and a healthy immune system, making it an essential nutrient for overall wellbeing.
Low iron vs iron-deficiency anemia
The difference between low iron and iron-deficiency anemia comes down to how far the problem has progressed. Low iron means your body’s iron stores are running low, but your hemoglobin levels may still be normal, so symptoms can be mild or even unnoticeable. Iron-deficiency anemia, on the other hand, is a more advanced stage where low iron has reduced your hemoglobin levels, leading to more obvious symptoms like fatigue, pale skin, and shortness of breath. In other words, low iron is the warning stage, while anemia is the condition that develops if it isn’t corrected.
Symptoms of low iron
- Persistent fatigue and low energy
- Weakness or feeling easily tired
- Pale skin or inside of the eyelids looking pale
- Shortness of breath, especially during activity
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Headaches
- Cold hands and feet
- Brittle nails or hair thinning/hair loss
How to test for low iron and iron deficiency anaemia
To find out if you have low iron or iron-deficiency anemia, your GP will first ask about your medical history, diet, and lifestyle.
The main test used is a blood test called a full blood count (FBC), which measures the number of red blood cells and other components in your blood. No special preparation is needed for this test.
Iron-deficiency anemia is the most common form of anemia, but the FBC can also detect other types, such as vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anemia.
If your GP cannot determine the cause of your low iron or anemia from the initial tests, they may recommend additional investigations. This could include a faecal immunochemical test (FIT) to check for hidden blood in your stool, or a referral to a specialist for further examination.
Common causes of iron deficiency
Poor Dietary Intake: Not getting enough iron-rich foods, such as red meat, beans, lentils, or leafy greens, can lead to deficiency over time.
Blood Loss: Heavy menstrual periods, frequent nosebleeds, or internal bleeding (e.g., ulcers, gastrointestinal conditions) can reduce iron levels.
Increased Iron Needs: Pregnancy, growth spurts in children and teenagers, or intense physical activity can raise your body’s iron requirements.
Absorption Problems: Certain conditions like celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, or surgeries affecting the gut can prevent your body from absorbing enough iron.
Treatment
Once your GP has identified the cause of your low iron or iron-deficiency anemia they will suggest a suitable treatment plan.
If your blood tests show low red blood cell levels, iron supplements are usually prescribed to restore the body’s iron stores. These are typically taken for around six months, and taking them with vitamin C-rich drinks like orange juice can improve absorption.
It’s important to follow your GP’s instructions carefully on how and when to take the supplements. Some people may experience mild side effects, including:
- Constipation or diarrhea
- Stomach cramps
- Heartburn
- Nausea
- Darker-colored stools
Taking the tablets with or shortly after food can help reduce these effects. Even if you notice side effects, it’s important to continue the course as directed to fully restore your iron levels.
Your GP will usually repeat blood tests over the following months to make sure your iron and red blood cell counts are returning to normal.
Lifestyle changes
Eat Iron-Rich Foods: Include sources of heme iron (from meat, poultry, fish) and non-heme iron (from beans, lentils, tofu, spinach, and fortified cereals) in your meals.
Pair Iron with Vitamin C: Foods rich in vitamin C, like citrus fruits, berries, bell peppers, or tomatoes, help your body absorb iron more effectively.
Limit Iron Blockers Around Meals: Reduce intake of tea, coffee, and large amounts of dairy during iron-rich meals, as they can hinder absorption.
We hope this blog has helped you understand more about iron deficiency and how maintaining healthy iron levels can support your overall health. Whether you’re looking to increase your energy, improve focus, strengthen your immune system, or simply feel better day to day, paying attention to your iron intake and absorption can be a great place to start.
Coda Pharmacy is here to support you every step of the way. From offering expert advice on iron and lifestyle to delivering your NHS prescriptions free of charge. If you have any questions about what you have read in this article or any of the services that Coda Pharmacy can provide you with, please do not hesitate to reach out and contact us here.
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